基于响应面法的粘质沙雷氏菌BRC-CXG2发酵培养基优化

为了将粘质沙雷氏菌（Serratia marcescens）应用在松墨天牛（Monochamus alternatus）防治上,对粘质沙雷氏菌的培养基配方进行了优化。通过单因素试验筛选粘质沙雷氏菌发酵培养基的碳源、氮源和无机盐,利用Plackett-Burman试验设计确定3个主要影响因素,通过最陡爬坡试验,结合Box-Behnken Design试验设计及响应面分析法优化培养基组成成分,获得培养基最佳配方与发酵条件：葡萄糖23.27 g·L^-1、蚕蛹粉22.37 g·L^-1、酵母粉10 g·L^-1、硫酸镁2 g·L^-1、磷酸氢二钠3 g·L^-1,氯化钠2 g·L^-1;在28 ℃、150 r·min^-1条件下发酵36 h,装液量体积分数为50 mL/250 mL,接种量4.73 %,pH 7.1~7.3。最后,根据最优培养条件验证发现优化后培养基中生长的菌落数为6.0×10⁹ cfu·mL^-1,是初始培养基的9.42倍,与模型预测值相符。研究结果为粘质沙雷氏菌的发酵生产提供了理论基础,为松材线虫病（pine wilt disease）的防治提供了新的途径。     

基于改进YOLO的玉米幼苗株数获取方法

为快速准确获取玉米幼苗株数、评估播种质量、进行查缺补苗等管理,对YOLO算法进行改进,提出了一种基于特征增强机制的幼苗获取检测模型（FE-YOLO）,实现了对玉米幼苗株数的快速获取。该方法根据玉米幼苗目标尺寸和空间纹理特征,构建了基于动态激活的轻量特征提取网络,融合了多感受野和空间注意力机制。实验表明：FE-YOLO模型增强了幼苗空间特征、降低了网络复杂度,使模型的mAP和召回率分别达到87.22%和91.54%,每秒浮点运算次数和检测推理时间仅为YOLO v3的7.91%和33.76%。FE-YOLO能够实现无人机正射影像的玉米幼苗株数获取和种植密度估算,该模型复杂度低、识别精度高,能够为玉米苗期管理提供技术支持。     

宁夏重点湖泊生态健康评价与修复对策研究

针对宁夏湖泊湿地生态环境退化的问题,以宁夏重点湖泊为对象,利用多指标体系评价法,建立宁夏湖泊湿地生态系统健康评价指标体系,采用湖泊综合评判方法,对宁夏重点湖泊进行生态健康评价,评价结果显示沙湖、星海湖、阅海、腾格里湖为亚健康状态,鸣翠湖和宝湖为健康状态。同时根据各湖泊湿地生态系统健康评价的结果,分析各湖泊存在的主要问题,有针对性地提出各湖泊的管理建议,为湖泊管理者提供依据。     

陕北山地苹果树形改造研究

为促进陕北丘陵沟壑区山地苹果的优质高效生产,本研究将传统稀植果园中主要采用的主干疏层形改造为小冠疏层形、纺锤形或圆柱形、高干开心形和开心形,测定不同树形的树冠透光率、树冠大小、一年生枝和结果枝的数量及组成比例、果实产量和品质等指标,并估算其产值。结果表明:与对照主干疏层形相比,高干开心形和开心形的树冠大而扁,树冠透光率较高。开心形的叶丛枝和短枝占全树枝条的61.21%,树势中庸偏上;主干疏层形、小冠疏层形和高干开心形的叶丛枝和短枝占全树枝条的70.00%以上,树势较弱。开心形的短果枝占结果枝的60.68%,中果枝占28.67%,利于连年优质丰产;主干疏层形的短果枝占结果枝的85.00%,中果枝仅占8.79%,易形成隔年结果。不同树形的果实产量以主干疏层形的最高,其次为开心形;果实品质、均匀度和价格均以开心形的最高,主干疏层形的最低;经济产值以开心形的最高,其次为主干疏层形,高干开心形的最低。综上,建议将陕北丘陵沟壑区山地稀植苹果园的主干疏层形改造为开心形。     

Limnological changes in a sub‐tropical shallow hypertrophic lake during its restoration: two years of a whole‐lake experiment

1. Lake Rodó is a turbid system, a condition attributed to algal biomass. The proximal source of the eutrophication was stormwater discharges from an ill‐defined urban area. This paper describes an attempt to restore the water quality of Lake Rodó, the first time this has been done in Uruguay. In spring 1996 it was drained, sediments were removed and stream inputs were diverted. Groundwater was used to re‐fill the lake. Due to its high nutrient concentration a re‐circulation system was designed, pumping water from associated pools covered with free‐floating plants. 2. After the lake was refilled, the system was characterized by oxygen saturation or over‐saturation, neutral to basic pH, and high phosphorus, nitrogen and silicate concentrations. Ratios of total nitrogen (TN):total phosphorus (TP) and chlorophyll a (Chl a):TP indicated that phosphorus was the primary limiting nutrient during the period of groundwater supply. Once groundwater pumping had ceased, there was a decrease in TN:TP and Chl a:TP ratios, suggesting N‐limiting conditions prevailed in some periods. 3. Before restoration, the phytoplankton community was dominated year‐round by Planktothrix agardhii; since restoration the community has been more diverse. This change has favoured grazing by mesozooplankton, and the onset of clear‐water phases in spring. 4. Abundant populations of small omnivorous fish maintained a high predation pressure on zooplankton, restricting the abundance of large‐bodied herbivores, which, in turn, allowed an increase in phytoplanton biomass and a decrease in water transparency. Based on this observation, together with the phosphorus concentration and the low abundance of filamentous cyanobacteria compared with previous studies, we suggest that top‐down control has played a key role in increasing transparency in Lake Rodó. 5. A nutrient reduction programme, by the mechanical harvest of floating plants, and a removal of small omnivorous fishes and stocking strictly with piscivores, could be key factors in the achievement of a stable clear‐water phase. However, if blooms of Microcystis or other similar genera occur in summer, additional measures (e.g. reduction of the hydraulic residence time) will be needed to improve water transparency. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

赛里木湖高白鲑和凹目白鲑肌肉、卵的营养分析评价

2003年作对赛里木湖高白鲑和凹日白鲑肌肉、卵的营养成分进行测定。结果表明：高白鲑和凹目白鲑肌肉蛋白质含量分别为18．83％和19．78％(鲜重)；肌肉脂肪含量分别为13．75％和10．40％；氨基酸总量分别为17．48％和17．71％，其中必需氨基酸含量分别为9．16％和9．24％，占氨基酸总量的52．40％和52．17％；高度不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的16．08％和22．73％。高白鲑和凹目白鲑卵的蛋白质含量分别为24．16％和24．48％。     

中国对虾养成期间虾池水体和底质中细菌含量的变化

中国对虾养成期间虾池水体和底质中细菌含量的变化高尚德，陈旭仁，吴以平（青岛海洋大学，２６６００３）（青岛教育学院，２６６００１）关键词养虾池，细菌数量，变化ＶＡＲＩＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＯＴＡＬＢＡＣＴＥＲＩＡＮＵＭＢＥＲＩＮＳＨＲＩＭＰＰＯＮＤＷＡＴＥＲ...     

Fish species richness in lakes of the northeastern lowlands in Germany

Fish species richness was assessed by electrofishing and gillnetting in 16 lakes of the northeastern lowland in Germany (the Schorfheide biosphere reserve). The lakes range from 0.03 to 10.55 km² and support between 5 and 14 fish species. Species richness is significantly correlated with lake area in an exponential and a power model. Richness is also correlated with shoreline development and total dissolved solids. This supports the hypothesis that larger areas contain more species within a taxonomic group due to increased habitat diversity. The slope of the species-area curve is low compared with most other studies of fish species richness in lakes, and the intercept value is high. This is interpreted as the result of high habitat and food diversity, lack of stress from abiotic factors, and the small regional species pool from which these lakes can be colonized. Two species inventories, one from the beginning of this century and one from the 1950s, are available for comparison. Average species richness did not change during the last decades. Species turnover rates were not related to the degree of anthropogenic eutrophication or to the intensity of fishery exploitation in these lakes. On the species level, however, one effect of accelerated eutrophication is apparent, the disappearance of 4 bottom-living species from one to 6 of the study lakes.     

西林水牛群体的RAPD遗传多样性分析

【目的】了解西林水牛群体的遗传变异和遗传结构,为其辅助标记育种、遗传资源保护及利用提供参考依据。【方法】从广西西林县的8个乡（镇）采集184份西林水牛血样,采用优化后的RAPD技术检测其多态性DNA,统计多态性条带数,并应用Popgene32软件对西林水牛群体的有效等位基因数、Nei氏基因多样性指数及Shannon多样性指数进行分析。【结果】从18条RAPD引物中筛选出8条扩增产物稳定、条带清晰可辨的引物,扩增出的DNA片段分子量为100-1000 bp;从184个样本中共扩增出4968个多态性条带,平均每条引物可扩增出621个多态性条带,多态性频率达60.0%-100.0%,平均为89.7%。西林水牛群体的平均有效等位基因数为1.6745,平均Nei氏基因多样度指数为0.3583,平均Shannon多样性指数为0.5510。【结论】西林水牛群体的遗传变异、遗传分化及遗传多样性均较高,但选育程度较低,育种潜力较大,有待进一步保种和开发利用。     

淡紫拟青霉E16液体发酵工艺研究

以活菌数为检测指标,通过单因子和正交试验对淡紫拟青霉 E16液体发酵工艺进行优化。结果表明,淡紫拟青霉E16发酵最佳液体培养基配方为：白砂糖1.5％（质量分数,下同）,大豆粉1％,磷酸二氢钾0.1％,硫酸锌0.01％;最佳发酵条件为：起始 pH 值6,500 mL 三角瓶装液量30％,接菌量5％,培养温度30℃,摇床转速150 r／min,培养时间4 d。在最佳发酵培养基和发酵条件下,淡紫拟青霉E16产生的活菌数为9.80×109 cfu／mL,较优化前提高近1个数量级。